Windows support

FSNode.py

@@ -84,9 +84,7 @@ class FSNode:
                 st_ctime=time.time(),
                 st_mtime=time.time(),
                 st_atime=time.time(),
-                st_nlink=len(self.children),
+                st_nlink=len(self.children)
-                st_uid=os.getuid(),
-                st_gid=os.getgid()
             )
         else:
             return dict(
@@ -95,9 +93,7 @@ class FSNode:
                 st_mtime=time.time(),
                 st_atime=time.time(),
                 st_nlink=2,
-                st_size=self.size,
+                st_size=self.size
-                st_uid=os.getuid(),
-                st_gid=os.getgid()
             )
 
     def find_child_by_name(self, name: str):
@@ -267,7 +263,6 @@ class FSNode:
         f.children.append(readme)
 
         return f
-
     @staticmethod
     def from_label(mo: Label, parent, m) -> None:
         f = parent.find_child_by_name(slugify("README.md"))
@@ -283,9 +278,15 @@ class FSNode:
 
     @staticmethod
     def from_url(mo: Url, parent, m):
-        f = FSNode(mo.name, parent, False)
+        if os.name == 'nt':
-        f.size = len(mo.url)
+            f = FSNode(mo.name+".url", parent, False)
-        f.linkTo = UrlLink(mo.url)
+            file_content = "[InternetShortcut]\nURL="+mo.url
+            f.size = len(file_content)
+            f.linkTo = UrlLink(file_content)
+        else:
+            f = FSNode(mo.name+".txt", parent, False)
+            f.size = len(mo.url)
+            f.linkTo = UrlLink(mo.url)
         return f
 
     def get_full_path(self) -> str:

README.md

@@ -6,6 +6,10 @@ This is a FUSE filesystem for Moodle. It allows you to mount your Moodle site as
 It is a concept that has been around for a while, but I have not found any implementations that I could get to work, or that were not abandoned.
 This is my attempt at creating one.
 
+## Windows binary
+
+You can easily grab a windows binary in the _realeases_ section, it behaves as the program, make sure to place the env file alongside it
+
 ## Installation
 
 First, you need to create a `.env` file with the following variables:
@@ -26,6 +30,9 @@ python moodlefuse.py
 
 This only works on Linux, as it uses FUSE. I have not tested it on Mac, but it could work there too.
 
+> Q: Why is _refuse_ in the project root?
+> It's alpha software with some errors, I managed to make it fit for this project for now
+
 
 ### Requirements
 

main.py

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import logging
-
+import sys
-from fuse import FUSE
+from refuse.high import FUSE
 
 from moodle import Moodle
 from moodlefs import MoodleFS

moodlefs.py

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 from errno import ENOENT, EACCES
 
-import fuse
+from refuse import high as fuse
-from fuse import LoggingMixIn, Operations, FuseOSError
+from refuse.high import LoggingMixIn, Operations, FuseOSError
 
 from FSNode import FSNode
 
@@ -30,10 +30,10 @@ class MoodleFS(LoggingMixIn, Operations):
         return s.to_stat_struct()
 
     def getxattr(self, path, name, position=0):
-        pass
+        raise fuse.FuseOSError(EACCES)
 
     def listxattr(self, path):
-        return []
+        raise fuse.FuseOSError(EACCES)
 
     def mkdir(self, path, mode):
         raise fuse.FuseOSError(EACCES)

refuse/__init__.py

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+
+"""
+
+REFUSE
+Simple cross-plattform ctypes bindings for libfuse / FUSE for macOS / WinFsp
+https://github.com/pleiszenburg/refuse
+
+    src/refuse/__init__.py: Package root
+
+    Copyright (C) 2008-2020 refuse contributors
+
+<LICENSE_BLOCK>
+The contents of this file are subject to the Internet Systems Consortium (ISC)
+license ("ISC license" or "License"). You may not use this file except in
+compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
+https://opensource.org/licenses/ISC
+https://github.com/pleiszenburg/refuse/blob/master/LICENSE
+
+Software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" basis,
+WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the
+specific language governing rights and limitations under the License.
+</LICENSE_BLOCK>
+
+"""

refuse/_high_header.py

@@ -0,0 +1,482 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+
+"""
+
+REFUSE
+Simple cross-plattform ctypes bindings for libfuse / FUSE for macOS / WinFsp
+https://github.com/pleiszenburg/refuse
+
+    src/refuse/_high_header.py: Temporary helper for code refactoring
+
+    THIS FILE IS TEMPORARY AND WILL BE REMOVED!
+
+    Copyright (C) 2008-2020 refuse contributors
+
+<LICENSE_BLOCK>
+The contents of this file are subject to the Internet Systems Consortium (ISC)
+license ("ISC license" or "License"). You may not use this file except in
+compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
+https://opensource.org/licenses/ISC
+https://github.com/pleiszenburg/refuse/blob/master/LICENSE
+
+Software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" basis,
+WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the
+specific language governing rights and limitations under the License.
+</LICENSE_BLOCK>
+
+"""
+
+
+# +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
+# IMPORT
+# +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
+
+import ctypes
+import sys
+
+from ._inventory import dump_globals, get_arch
+
+if __name__ == '__main__': # DEBUG
+    _system, _machine = sys.argv[1], sys.argv[2]
+else: # REGULAR
+    _system, _machine = get_arch()
+
+
+# +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
+# HEADER: TYPES
+# +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
+
+if _system == 'Windows':
+    # NOTE:
+    #
+    # sizeof(long)==4 on Windows 32-bit and 64-bit
+    # sizeof(long)==4 on Cygwin 32-bit and ==8 on Cygwin 64-bit
+    #
+    # We have to fix up c_long and c_ulong so that it matches the
+    # Cygwin (and UNIX) sizes when run on Windows.
+    import sys
+    if sys.maxsize > 0xffffffff:
+        c_win_long = ctypes.c_int64
+        c_win_ulong = ctypes.c_uint64
+    else:
+        c_win_long = ctypes.c_int32
+        c_win_ulong = ctypes.c_uint32
+
+if _system == 'Windows' or _system == 'CYGWIN':
+    class c_timespec(ctypes.Structure):
+        _fields_ = [('tv_sec', c_win_long), ('tv_nsec', c_win_long)]
+elif _system == 'OpenBSD':
+    c_time_t = ctypes.c_int64
+    class c_timespec(ctypes.Structure):
+        _fields_ = [('tv_sec', c_time_t), ('tv_nsec', ctypes.c_long)]
+else:
+    class c_timespec(ctypes.Structure):
+        _fields_ = [('tv_sec', ctypes.c_long), ('tv_nsec', ctypes.c_long)]
+
+class c_utimbuf(ctypes.Structure):
+    _fields_ = [('actime', c_timespec), ('modtime', c_timespec)]
+
+class c_stat(ctypes.Structure):
+    pass    # Platform dependent
+
+if _system in ('Darwin', 'Darwin-MacFuse', 'FreeBSD'):
+    ENOTSUP = 45
+
+    c_dev_t = ctypes.c_int32
+    c_fsblkcnt_t = ctypes.c_ulong
+    c_fsfilcnt_t = ctypes.c_ulong
+    c_gid_t = ctypes.c_uint32
+    c_mode_t = ctypes.c_uint16
+    c_off_t = ctypes.c_int64
+    c_pid_t = ctypes.c_int32
+    c_uid_t = ctypes.c_uint32
+    setxattr_t = ctypes.CFUNCTYPE(
+        ctypes.c_int, ctypes.c_char_p, ctypes.c_char_p,
+        ctypes.POINTER(ctypes.c_byte), ctypes.c_size_t, ctypes.c_int,
+        ctypes.c_uint32)
+    getxattr_t = ctypes.CFUNCTYPE(
+        ctypes.c_int, ctypes.c_char_p, ctypes.c_char_p,
+        ctypes.POINTER(ctypes.c_byte),
+        ctypes.c_size_t, ctypes.c_uint32)
+    if _system == 'Darwin':
+        c_stat._fields_ = [
+            ('st_dev', c_dev_t),
+            ('st_mode', c_mode_t),
+            ('st_nlink', ctypes.c_uint16),
+            ('st_ino', ctypes.c_uint64),
+            ('st_uid', c_uid_t),
+            ('st_gid', c_gid_t),
+            ('st_rdev', c_dev_t),
+            ('st_atimespec', c_timespec),
+            ('st_mtimespec', c_timespec),
+            ('st_ctimespec', c_timespec),
+            ('st_birthtimespec', c_timespec),
+            ('st_size', c_off_t),
+            ('st_blocks', ctypes.c_int64),
+            ('st_blksize', ctypes.c_int32),
+            ('st_flags', ctypes.c_int32),
+            ('st_gen', ctypes.c_int32),
+            ('st_lspare', ctypes.c_int32),
+            ('st_qspare', ctypes.c_int64)]
+    else: # MacFuse, FreeBSD
+        c_stat._fields_ = [
+            ('st_dev', c_dev_t),
+            ('st_ino', ctypes.c_uint32),
+            ('st_mode', c_mode_t),
+            ('st_nlink', ctypes.c_uint16),
+            ('st_uid', c_uid_t),
+            ('st_gid', c_gid_t),
+            ('st_rdev', c_dev_t),
+            ('st_atimespec', c_timespec),
+            ('st_mtimespec', c_timespec),
+            ('st_ctimespec', c_timespec),
+            ('st_size', c_off_t),
+            ('st_blocks', ctypes.c_int64),
+            ('st_blksize', ctypes.c_int32)]
+elif _system == 'Linux':
+    ENOTSUP = 95
+
+    c_dev_t = ctypes.c_ulonglong
+    c_fsblkcnt_t = ctypes.c_ulonglong
+    c_fsfilcnt_t = ctypes.c_ulonglong
+    c_gid_t = ctypes.c_uint
+    c_mode_t = ctypes.c_uint
+    c_off_t = ctypes.c_longlong
+    c_pid_t = ctypes.c_int
+    c_uid_t = ctypes.c_uint
+    setxattr_t = ctypes.CFUNCTYPE(
+        ctypes.c_int, ctypes.c_char_p, ctypes.c_char_p,
+        ctypes.POINTER(ctypes.c_byte), ctypes.c_size_t, ctypes.c_int)
+
+    getxattr_t = ctypes.CFUNCTYPE(
+        ctypes.c_int, ctypes.c_char_p, ctypes.c_char_p,
+        ctypes.POINTER(ctypes.c_byte), ctypes.c_size_t)
+
+    if _machine == 'x86_64':
+        c_stat._fields_ = [
+            ('st_dev', c_dev_t),
+            ('st_ino', ctypes.c_ulong),
+            ('st_nlink', ctypes.c_ulong),
+            ('st_mode', c_mode_t),
+            ('st_uid', c_uid_t),
+            ('st_gid', c_gid_t),
+            ('__pad0', ctypes.c_int),
+            ('st_rdev', c_dev_t),
+            ('st_size', c_off_t),
+            ('st_blksize', ctypes.c_long),
+            ('st_blocks', ctypes.c_long),
+            ('st_atimespec', c_timespec),
+            ('st_mtimespec', c_timespec),
+            ('st_ctimespec', c_timespec)]
+    elif _machine == 'mips':
+        c_stat._fields_ = [
+            ('st_dev', c_dev_t),
+            ('__pad1_1', ctypes.c_ulong),
+            ('__pad1_2', ctypes.c_ulong),
+            ('__pad1_3', ctypes.c_ulong),
+            ('st_ino', ctypes.c_ulong),
+            ('st_mode', c_mode_t),
+            ('st_nlink', ctypes.c_ulong),
+            ('st_uid', c_uid_t),
+            ('st_gid', c_gid_t),
+            ('st_rdev', c_dev_t),
+            ('__pad2_1', ctypes.c_ulong),
+            ('__pad2_2', ctypes.c_ulong),
+            ('st_size', c_off_t),
+            ('__pad3', ctypes.c_ulong),
+            ('st_atimespec', c_timespec),
+            ('__pad4', ctypes.c_ulong),
+            ('st_mtimespec', c_timespec),
+            ('__pad5', ctypes.c_ulong),
+            ('st_ctimespec', c_timespec),
+            ('__pad6', ctypes.c_ulong),
+            ('st_blksize', ctypes.c_long),
+            ('st_blocks', ctypes.c_long),
+            ('__pad7_1', ctypes.c_ulong),
+            ('__pad7_2', ctypes.c_ulong),
+            ('__pad7_3', ctypes.c_ulong),
+            ('__pad7_4', ctypes.c_ulong),
+            ('__pad7_5', ctypes.c_ulong),
+            ('__pad7_6', ctypes.c_ulong),
+            ('__pad7_7', ctypes.c_ulong),
+            ('__pad7_8', ctypes.c_ulong),
+            ('__pad7_9', ctypes.c_ulong),
+            ('__pad7_10', ctypes.c_ulong),
+            ('__pad7_11', ctypes.c_ulong),
+            ('__pad7_12', ctypes.c_ulong),
+            ('__pad7_13', ctypes.c_ulong),
+            ('__pad7_14', ctypes.c_ulong)]
+    elif _machine == 'ppc':
+        c_stat._fields_ = [
+            ('st_dev', c_dev_t),
+            ('st_ino', ctypes.c_ulonglong),
+            ('st_mode', c_mode_t),
+            ('st_nlink', ctypes.c_uint),
+            ('st_uid', c_uid_t),
+            ('st_gid', c_gid_t),
+            ('st_rdev', c_dev_t),
+            ('__pad2', ctypes.c_ushort),
+            ('st_size', c_off_t),
+            ('st_blksize', ctypes.c_long),
+            ('st_blocks', ctypes.c_longlong),
+            ('st_atimespec', c_timespec),
+            ('st_mtimespec', c_timespec),
+            ('st_ctimespec', c_timespec)]
+    elif _machine == 'ppc64' or _machine == 'ppc64le':
+        c_stat._fields_ = [
+            ('st_dev', c_dev_t),
+            ('st_ino', ctypes.c_ulong),
+            ('st_nlink', ctypes.c_ulong),
+            ('st_mode', c_mode_t),
+            ('st_uid', c_uid_t),
+            ('st_gid', c_gid_t),
+            ('__pad', ctypes.c_uint),
+            ('st_rdev', c_dev_t),
+            ('st_size', c_off_t),
+            ('st_blksize', ctypes.c_long),
+            ('st_blocks', ctypes.c_long),
+            ('st_atimespec', c_timespec),
+            ('st_mtimespec', c_timespec),
+            ('st_ctimespec', c_timespec)]
+    elif _machine == 'aarch64':
+        c_stat._fields_ = [
+            ('st_dev', c_dev_t),
+            ('st_ino', ctypes.c_ulong),
+            ('st_mode', c_mode_t),
+            ('st_nlink', ctypes.c_uint),
+            ('st_uid', c_uid_t),
+            ('st_gid', c_gid_t),
+            ('st_rdev', c_dev_t),
+            ('__pad1', ctypes.c_ulong),
+            ('st_size', c_off_t),
+            ('st_blksize', ctypes.c_int),
+            ('__pad2', ctypes.c_int),
+            ('st_blocks', ctypes.c_long),
+            ('st_atimespec', c_timespec),
+            ('st_mtimespec', c_timespec),
+            ('st_ctimespec', c_timespec)]
+    else:
+        # i686, use as fallback for everything else
+        c_stat._fields_ = [
+            ('st_dev', c_dev_t),
+            ('__pad1', ctypes.c_ushort),
+            ('__st_ino', ctypes.c_ulong),
+            ('st_mode', c_mode_t),
+            ('st_nlink', ctypes.c_uint),
+            ('st_uid', c_uid_t),
+            ('st_gid', c_gid_t),
+            ('st_rdev', c_dev_t),
+            ('__pad2', ctypes.c_ushort),
+            ('st_size', c_off_t),
+            ('st_blksize', ctypes.c_long),
+            ('st_blocks', ctypes.c_longlong),
+            ('st_atimespec', c_timespec),
+            ('st_mtimespec', c_timespec),
+            ('st_ctimespec', c_timespec),
+            ('st_ino', ctypes.c_ulonglong)]
+elif _system == 'Windows' or _system == 'CYGWIN':
+    ENOTSUP = 129 if _system == 'Windows' else 134
+    c_dev_t = ctypes.c_uint
+    c_fsblkcnt_t = c_win_ulong
+    c_fsfilcnt_t = c_win_ulong
+    c_gid_t = ctypes.c_uint
+    c_mode_t = ctypes.c_uint
+    c_off_t = ctypes.c_longlong
+    c_pid_t = ctypes.c_int
+    c_uid_t = ctypes.c_uint
+    setxattr_t = ctypes.CFUNCTYPE(ctypes.c_int, ctypes.c_char_p, ctypes.c_char_p,
+        ctypes.POINTER(ctypes.c_byte), ctypes.c_size_t, ctypes.c_int)
+    getxattr_t = ctypes.CFUNCTYPE(ctypes.c_int, ctypes.c_char_p, ctypes.c_char_p,
+        ctypes.POINTER(ctypes.c_byte), ctypes.c_size_t)
+    c_stat._fields_ = [
+        ('st_dev', c_dev_t),
+        ('st_ino', ctypes.c_ulonglong),
+        ('st_mode', c_mode_t),
+        ('st_nlink', ctypes.c_ushort),
+        ('st_uid', c_uid_t),
+        ('st_gid', c_gid_t),
+        ('st_rdev', c_dev_t),
+        ('st_size', c_off_t),
+        ('st_atimespec', c_timespec),
+        ('st_mtimespec', c_timespec),
+        ('st_ctimespec', c_timespec),
+        ('st_blksize', ctypes.c_int),
+        ('st_blocks', ctypes.c_longlong),
+        ('st_birthtimespec', c_timespec)]
+elif _system == 'OpenBSD':
+    ENOTSUP = 91
+    c_dev_t = ctypes.c_int32
+    c_uid_t = ctypes.c_uint32
+    c_gid_t = ctypes.c_uint32
+    c_mode_t = ctypes.c_uint32
+    c_off_t = ctypes.c_int64
+    c_pid_t = ctypes.c_int32
+    c_ino_t = ctypes.c_uint64
+    c_nlink_t = ctypes.c_uint32
+    c_blkcnt_t = ctypes.c_int64
+    c_blksize_t = ctypes.c_int32
+    setxattr_t = ctypes.CFUNCTYPE(
+        ctypes.c_int, ctypes.c_char_p, ctypes.c_char_p,
+        ctypes.POINTER(ctypes.c_byte), ctypes.c_size_t, ctypes.c_int)
+    getxattr_t = ctypes.CFUNCTYPE(
+        ctypes.c_int, ctypes.c_char_p, ctypes.c_char_p,
+        ctypes.POINTER(ctypes.c_byte),
+        ctypes.c_size_t)
+    c_fsblkcnt_t = ctypes.c_uint64
+    c_fsfilcnt_t = ctypes.c_uint64
+    c_stat._fields_ = [
+        ('st_mode', c_mode_t),
+        ('st_dev', c_dev_t),
+        ('st_ino', c_ino_t),
+        ('st_nlink', c_nlink_t),
+        ('st_uid', c_uid_t),
+        ('st_gid', c_gid_t),
+        ('st_rdev', c_dev_t),
+        ('st_atimespec', c_timespec),
+        ('st_mtimespec', c_timespec),
+        ('st_ctimespec', c_timespec),
+        ('st_size', c_off_t),
+        ('st_blocks', c_blkcnt_t),
+        ('st_blksize', c_blksize_t),
+        ('st_flags', ctypes.c_uint32),
+        ('st_gen', ctypes.c_uint32),
+        ('st_birthtimespec', c_timespec),
+    ]
+else:
+    raise NotImplementedError('%s is not supported.' % _system)
+
+
+if _system == 'FreeBSD':
+    c_fsblkcnt_t = ctypes.c_uint64
+    c_fsfilcnt_t = ctypes.c_uint64
+    setxattr_t = ctypes.CFUNCTYPE(
+        ctypes.c_int, ctypes.c_char_p, ctypes.c_char_p,
+        ctypes.POINTER(ctypes.c_byte), ctypes.c_size_t, ctypes.c_int)
+
+    getxattr_t = ctypes.CFUNCTYPE(
+        ctypes.c_int, ctypes.c_char_p, ctypes.c_char_p,
+        ctypes.POINTER(ctypes.c_byte), ctypes.c_size_t)
+
+    class c_statvfs(ctypes.Structure):
+        _fields_ = [
+            ('f_bavail', c_fsblkcnt_t),
+            ('f_bfree', c_fsblkcnt_t),
+            ('f_blocks', c_fsblkcnt_t),
+            ('f_favail', c_fsfilcnt_t),
+            ('f_ffree', c_fsfilcnt_t),
+            ('f_files', c_fsfilcnt_t),
+            ('f_bsize', ctypes.c_ulong),
+            ('f_flag', ctypes.c_ulong),
+            ('f_frsize', ctypes.c_ulong)]
+elif _system == 'Windows' or _system == 'CYGWIN':
+    class c_statvfs(ctypes.Structure):
+        _fields_ = [
+            ('f_bsize', c_win_ulong),
+            ('f_frsize', c_win_ulong),
+            ('f_blocks', c_fsblkcnt_t),
+            ('f_bfree', c_fsblkcnt_t),
+            ('f_bavail', c_fsblkcnt_t),
+            ('f_files', c_fsfilcnt_t),
+            ('f_ffree', c_fsfilcnt_t),
+            ('f_favail', c_fsfilcnt_t),
+            ('f_fsid', c_win_ulong),
+            ('f_flag', c_win_ulong),
+            ('f_namemax', c_win_ulong)]
+else:
+    class c_statvfs(ctypes.Structure):
+        _fields_ = [
+            ('f_bsize', ctypes.c_ulong),
+            ('f_frsize', ctypes.c_ulong),
+            ('f_blocks', c_fsblkcnt_t),
+            ('f_bfree', c_fsblkcnt_t),
+            ('f_bavail', c_fsblkcnt_t),
+            ('f_files', c_fsfilcnt_t),
+            ('f_ffree', c_fsfilcnt_t),
+            ('f_favail', c_fsfilcnt_t),
+            ('f_fsid', ctypes.c_ulong),
+            # ('unused', ctypes.c_int),
+            ('f_flag', ctypes.c_ulong),
+            ('f_namemax', ctypes.c_ulong)]
+
+if _system == 'Windows' or _system == 'CYGWIN':
+    class fuse_file_info(ctypes.Structure):
+        _fields_ = [
+            ('flags', ctypes.c_int),
+            ('fh_old', ctypes.c_int),
+            ('writepage', ctypes.c_int),
+            ('direct_io', ctypes.c_uint, 1),
+            ('keep_cache', ctypes.c_uint, 1),
+            ('flush', ctypes.c_uint, 1),
+            ('padding', ctypes.c_uint, 29),
+            ('fh', ctypes.c_uint64),
+            ('lock_owner', ctypes.c_uint64)]
+elif _system == "OpenBSD":
+    class fuse_file_info(ctypes.Structure):
+        _fields_ = [
+            ('flags', ctypes.c_int32),
+            ('fh_old', ctypes.c_uint32),
+            ('writepage', ctypes.c_int32),
+            ('direct_io', ctypes.c_uint32, 1),
+            ('keep_cache', ctypes.c_uint32, 1),
+            ('flush', ctypes.c_uint32, 1),
+            ('nonseekable', ctypes.c_uint32, 1),
+            ('padding', ctypes.c_uint32, 27),
+            ('flock_release', ctypes.c_uint32, 1),
+            ('fh', ctypes.c_uint64),
+            ('lock_owner', ctypes.c_uint64)]
+else:
+    class fuse_file_info(ctypes.Structure):
+        _fields_ = [
+            ('flags', ctypes.c_int),
+            ('fh_old', ctypes.c_ulong),
+            ('writepage', ctypes.c_int),
+            ('direct_io', ctypes.c_uint, 1),
+            ('keep_cache', ctypes.c_uint, 1),
+            ('flush', ctypes.c_uint, 1),
+            ('nonseekable', ctypes.c_uint, 1),
+            ('flock_release', ctypes.c_uint, 1),
+            ('padding', ctypes.c_uint, 27),
+            ('fh', ctypes.c_uint64),
+            ('lock_owner', ctypes.c_uint64)]
+
+if _system == "OpenBSD":
+    class fuse_context(ctypes.Structure):
+        _fields_ = [
+            ('fuse', ctypes.c_voidp),
+            ('uid', c_uid_t),
+            ('gid', c_gid_t),
+            ('pid', c_pid_t),
+            ('private_data', ctypes.c_voidp),
+            ('umask', c_mode_t),
+        ]
+else:
+    class fuse_context(ctypes.Structure):
+        _fields_ = [
+            ('fuse', ctypes.c_voidp),
+            ('uid', c_uid_t),
+            ('gid', c_gid_t),
+            ('pid', c_pid_t),
+            ('private_data', ctypes.c_voidp)]
+
+if _system == "OpenBSD":
+    bmap_ret_t = ctypes.c_uint64
+    extra_fields = []
+else:
+    bmap_ret_t = ctypes.c_ulonglong
+    extra_fields = [
+        ('flag_nullpath_ok', ctypes.c_uint, 1),
+        ('flag_nopath', ctypes.c_uint, 1),
+        ('flag_utime_omit_ok', ctypes.c_uint, 1),
+        ('flag_reserved', ctypes.c_uint, 29),
+        ('ioctl', ctypes.CFUNCTYPE(
+            ctypes.c_int, ctypes.c_char_p, ctypes.c_uint, ctypes.c_void_p,
+            ctypes.POINTER(fuse_file_info), ctypes.c_uint, ctypes.c_void_p)),
+    ]
+
+
+# +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
+# DEBUG
+# +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    dump_globals(globals())

refuse/_inventory.py

@@ -0,0 +1,147 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+
+"""
+
+REFUSE
+Simple cross-plattform ctypes bindings for libfuse / FUSE for macOS / WinFsp
+https://github.com/pleiszenburg/refuse
+
+    src/refuse/_inventory.py: Temporary helper for code refactoring
+
+    THIS FILE IS TEMPORARY AND WILL BE REMOVED!
+
+    Copyright (C) 2008-2020 refuse contributors
+
+<LICENSE_BLOCK>
+The contents of this file are subject to the Internet Systems Consortium (ISC)
+license ("ISC license" or "License"). You may not use this file except in
+compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
+https://opensource.org/licenses/ISC
+https://github.com/pleiszenburg/refuse/blob/master/LICENSE
+
+Software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" basis,
+WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the
+specific language governing rights and limitations under the License.
+</LICENSE_BLOCK>
+
+"""
+
+
+# +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
+# IMPORT
+# +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
+
+import _ctypes
+from pprint import pprint as pp
+import platform # machine, system
+import subprocess
+import sys
+
+
+# +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
+# LIBRARY HEADER "INVENTORY"
+# +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
+
+def get_arch():
+    """Get system name and generic, OS-independent machine name
+    """
+
+    system = platform.system()
+    machine = platform.machine()
+
+    if machine in ('i386', 'i486', 'i586', 'i686'):
+        machine = 'x86'
+
+    # On Windows, machine equals hardware - not os. We want os.
+    if system == 'Windows':
+        machine = 'x86_64' if sys.platform == 'win64' else 'x86'
+
+    return system, machine
+
+
+def get_archs():
+
+    system_dict = {
+        'Windows': ['x86', 'x86_64'],
+        'CYGWIN': ['x86', 'x86_64'],
+        'OpenBSD': ['x86', 'x86_64', 'mips', 'ppc', 'ppc64', 'ppc64le', 'aarch64'],
+        'FreeBSD': ['x86', 'x86_64'],
+        'Darwin': ['x86', 'x86_64', 'ppc', 'ppc64'],
+        'Darwin-MacFuse': ['x86', 'x86_64', 'ppc', 'ppc64'],
+        'Linux': ['x86', 'x86_64', 'mips', 'ppc', 'ppc64', 'ppc64le', 'aarch64'],
+        }
+
+    arch_list = []
+    for system, machines in system_dict.items():
+        for machine in machines:
+            arch_list.append((system, machine))
+
+    for system, machine in arch_list:
+        yield system, machine
+
+
+def _analyze_item_(item):
+
+    item_type = type(item)
+    item_type_name = getattr(item_type, '__name__')
+
+    if item_type in (int, float, str, bytes, bool, list, dict, set, tuple): # basic python type
+        return item_type.__name__, item
+
+    if hasattr(item, '_fields_'): # ctypes struct
+        fields = [[field[0], _analyze_item_(field[1])] for field in item._fields_]
+        return ['ctypes struct', fields]
+
+    if item_type_name == 'PyCSimpleType':
+        return getattr(item, '__name__')
+
+    if item_type_name == 'PyCFuncPtrType':
+        try:
+            return [
+                'ctypes func',
+                [_analyze_item_(field) for field in getattr(item, 'argtypes', [])],
+                _analyze_item_(item.restype)
+                ]
+        except:
+            return [
+                'ctypes func', '?'
+                ]
+
+    return getattr(item, '__name__', '?'), type(item)
+
+
+def dump_globals(globals_dict):
+
+    header_dict = {
+        name: _analyze_item_(globals_dict[name])
+        for name in globals_dict.keys()
+        if not name.startswith('_') and name not in (
+            'sys', # import
+            'ctypes', # import
+            'get_arch', # infrastructure
+            'dump_globals', # debug
+            'extra_fields' # TMP from OpenBSD port
+            )
+        }
+    pp(header_dict)
+
+
+def dump_header():
+
+    for system, machine in get_archs():
+
+        sys.stdout.write('+++ %s / %s +++\n' % (system, machine))
+        sys.stdout.flush()
+        proc = subprocess.Popen(
+            ['python3', '-m', 'refuse._high_header', system, machine],
+            stdout = subprocess.PIPE, stderr = subprocess.PIPE
+            )
+        data = proc.communicate()
+        sys.stderr.write(data[1].decode('utf-8'))
+        sys.stderr.flush()
+        sys.stdout.write(data[0].decode('utf-8'))
+        sys.stdout.flush()
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    dump_header()

refuse/_refactor.py

@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+
+"""
+
+REFUSE
+Simple cross-plattform ctypes bindings for libfuse / FUSE for macOS / WinFsp
+https://github.com/pleiszenburg/refuse
+
+    src/refuse/_refactor.py: Temporary helper for code refactoring
+
+    THIS FILE IS TEMPORARY AND WILL BE REMOVED!
+
+    Copyright (C) 2008-2020 refuse contributors
+
+<LICENSE_BLOCK>
+The contents of this file are subject to the Internet Systems Consortium (ISC)
+license ("ISC license" or "License"). You may not use this file except in
+compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
+https://opensource.org/licenses/ISC
+https://github.com/pleiszenburg/refuse/blob/master/LICENSE
+
+Software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" basis,
+WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the
+specific language governing rights and limitations under the License.
+</LICENSE_BLOCK>
+
+"""
+
+
+# +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
+# IMPORT
+# +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
+
+import os
+import ctypes
+from ctypes.util import find_library
+import sys
+
+# +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
+# FIND LIBRARY
+# +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
+
+def get_libfuse(_system):
+
+    _libfuse_path = os.environ.get('FUSE_LIBRARY_PATH')
+    if not _libfuse_path:
+        if _system == 'Darwin':
+            # libfuse dependency
+            _libiconv = ctypes.CDLL(find_library('iconv'), ctypes.RTLD_GLOBAL)
+
+            _libfuse_path = (find_library('fuse4x') or find_library('osxfuse') or
+                             find_library('fuse'))
+        elif _system == 'Windows':
+            try:
+                import _winreg as reg
+            except ImportError:
+                import winreg as reg
+            def Reg32GetValue(rootkey, keyname, valname):
+                key, val = None, None
+                try:
+                    key = reg.OpenKey(rootkey, keyname, 0, reg.KEY_READ | reg.KEY_WOW64_32KEY)
+                    val = str(reg.QueryValueEx(key, valname)[0])
+                except WindowsError:
+                    pass
+                finally:
+                    if key is not None:
+                        reg.CloseKey(key)
+                return val
+            _libfuse_path = Reg32GetValue(reg.HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE, r"SOFTWARE\WinFsp", r"InstallDir")
+            if _libfuse_path:
+                _libfuse_path += r"bin\winfsp-%s.dll" % ("x64" if sys.maxsize > 0xffffffff else "x86")
+        else:
+            _libfuse_path = find_library('fuse')
+
+    if not _libfuse_path:
+        raise EnvironmentError('Unable to find libfuse')
+    else:
+        _libfuse = ctypes.CDLL(_libfuse_path)
+
+    return _libfuse

refuse/low.py

@@ -0,0 +1,976 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+
+"""
+
+REFUSE
+Simple cross-plattform ctypes bindings for libfuse / FUSE for macOS / WinFsp
+https://github.com/pleiszenburg/refuse
+
+    src/refuse/low.py: "Low level" FUSE API
+
+    Copyright (C) 2008-2020 refuse contributors
+
+<LICENSE_BLOCK>
+The contents of this file are subject to the Internet Systems Consortium (ISC)
+license ("ISC license" or "License"). You may not use this file except in
+compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
+https://opensource.org/licenses/ISC
+https://github.com/pleiszenburg/refuse/blob/master/LICENSE
+
+Software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" basis,
+WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the
+specific language governing rights and limitations under the License.
+</LICENSE_BLOCK>
+
+"""
+
+
+# +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
+# IMPORT
+# +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
+
+import ctypes
+import errno
+import os
+import warnings
+
+from ctypes.util import find_library
+from platform import machine, system
+from signal import signal, SIGINT, SIG_DFL
+from stat import S_IFDIR
+
+
+# +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
+# HEADER: TODO organize ...
+# +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
+
+_system = system()
+_machine = machine()
+
+_libfuse_path = os.environ.get('FUSE_LIBRARY_PATH')
+if not _libfuse_path:
+    if _system == 'Darwin':
+        # libfuse dependency
+        _libiconv = ctypes.CDLL(find_library('iconv'), ctypes.RTLD_GLOBAL)
+
+        _libfuse_path = (find_library('fuse4x') or find_library('osxfuse') or
+                         find_library('fuse'))
+    else:
+        _libfuse_path = find_library('fuse')
+
+if not _libfuse_path:
+    raise EnvironmentError('Unable to find libfuse')
+else:
+    _libfuse = ctypes.CDLL(_libfuse_path)
+
+
+class LibFUSE(ctypes.CDLL):
+    def __init__(self):
+        if _system == 'Darwin':
+            self.libiconv = _libiconv
+        super(LibFUSE, self).__init__(_libfuse_path)
+
+        self.fuse_mount.argtypes = (
+            ctypes.c_char_p, ctypes.POINTER(fuse_args))
+
+        self.fuse_mount.restype = ctypes.c_void_p
+
+        self.fuse_lowlevel_new.argtypes = (
+            ctypes.POINTER(fuse_args), ctypes.POINTER(fuse_lowlevel_ops),
+            ctypes.c_size_t, ctypes.c_void_p)
+
+        self.fuse_lowlevel_new.restype = ctypes.c_void_p
+        self.fuse_set_signal_handlers.argtypes = (ctypes.c_void_p,)
+        self.fuse_session_add_chan.argtypes = (
+            ctypes.c_void_p, ctypes.c_void_p)
+        self.fuse_session_loop.argtypes = (ctypes.c_void_p,)
+        self.fuse_remove_signal_handlers.argtypes = (ctypes.c_void_p,)
+        self.fuse_session_remove_chan.argtypes = (ctypes.c_void_p,)
+        self.fuse_session_destroy.argtypes = (ctypes.c_void_p,)
+        self.fuse_unmount.argtypes = (ctypes.c_char_p, ctypes.c_void_p)
+
+        self.fuse_req_ctx.restype = ctypes.POINTER(fuse_ctx)
+        self.fuse_req_ctx.argtypes = (fuse_req_t,)
+
+        self.fuse_reply_err.argtypes = (fuse_req_t, ctypes.c_int)
+        self.fuse_reply_attr.argtypes = (
+            fuse_req_t, ctypes.c_void_p, ctypes.c_double)
+        self.fuse_reply_entry.argtypes = (fuse_req_t, ctypes.c_void_p)
+        self.fuse_reply_open.argtypes = (fuse_req_t, ctypes.c_void_p)
+        self.fuse_reply_buf.argtypes = (
+            fuse_req_t, ctypes.c_char_p, ctypes.c_size_t)
+        self.fuse_reply_none.argtypes = (fuse_req_t,)
+        self.fuse_reply_write.argtypes = (fuse_req_t, ctypes.c_size_t)
+        self.fuse_reply_readlink.argtypes = (
+            fuse_req_t, ctypes.c_char_p)
+
+        self.fuse_add_direntry.argtypes = (
+            ctypes.c_void_p, ctypes.c_char_p, ctypes.c_size_t,
+            ctypes.c_char_p, c_stat_p, c_off_t)
+
+class fuse_args(ctypes.Structure):
+    _fields_ = [
+        ('argc', ctypes.c_int),
+        ('argv', ctypes.POINTER(ctypes.c_char_p)),
+        ('allocated', ctypes.c_int),
+    ]
+
+class c_timespec(ctypes.Structure):
+    _fields_ = [
+        ('tv_sec', ctypes.c_long),
+        ('tv_nsec', ctypes.c_long),
+    ]
+
+class c_stat(ctypes.Structure):
+    pass    # Platform dependent
+
+if _system == 'Darwin':
+    ENOTSUP = 45
+
+    c_dev_t = ctypes.c_int32
+    c_fsblkcnt_t = ctypes.c_ulong
+    c_fsfilcnt_t = ctypes.c_ulong
+    c_gid_t = ctypes.c_uint32
+    c_mode_t = ctypes.c_uint16
+    c_off_t = ctypes.c_int64
+    c_pid_t = ctypes.c_int32
+    c_uid_t = ctypes.c_uint32
+    c_stat._fields_ = [
+        ('st_dev', c_dev_t),
+        ('st_ino', ctypes.c_uint32),
+        ('st_mode', c_mode_t),
+        ('st_nlink', ctypes.c_uint16),
+        ('st_uid', c_uid_t),
+        ('st_gid', c_gid_t),
+        ('st_rdev', c_dev_t),
+        ('st_atimespec', c_timespec),
+        ('st_mtimespec', c_timespec),
+        ('st_ctimespec', c_timespec),
+        ('st_size', c_off_t),
+        ('st_blocks', ctypes.c_int64),
+        ('st_blksize', ctypes.c_int32)]
+elif _system == 'Linux':
+    ENOTSUP = 95
+
+    c_dev_t = ctypes.c_ulonglong
+    c_fsblkcnt_t = ctypes.c_ulonglong
+    c_fsfilcnt_t = ctypes.c_ulonglong
+    c_gid_t = ctypes.c_uint
+    c_mode_t = ctypes.c_uint
+    c_off_t = ctypes.c_longlong
+    c_pid_t = ctypes.c_int
+    c_uid_t = ctypes.c_uint
+
+    if _machine == 'x86_64':
+        c_stat._fields_ = [
+            ('st_dev', c_dev_t),
+            ('st_ino', ctypes.c_ulong),
+            ('st_nlink', ctypes.c_ulong),
+            ('st_mode', c_mode_t),
+            ('st_uid', c_uid_t),
+            ('st_gid', c_gid_t),
+            ('__pad0', ctypes.c_int),
+            ('st_rdev', c_dev_t),
+            ('st_size', c_off_t),
+            ('st_blksize', ctypes.c_long),
+            ('st_blocks', ctypes.c_long),
+            ('st_atimespec', c_timespec),
+            ('st_mtimespec', c_timespec),
+            ('st_ctimespec', c_timespec)]
+    elif _machine == 'mips':
+        c_stat._fields_ = [
+            ('st_dev', c_dev_t),
+            ('__pad1_1', ctypes.c_ulong),
+            ('__pad1_2', ctypes.c_ulong),
+            ('__pad1_3', ctypes.c_ulong),
+            ('st_ino', ctypes.c_ulong),
+            ('st_mode', c_mode_t),
+            ('st_nlink', ctypes.c_ulong),
+            ('st_uid', c_uid_t),
+            ('st_gid', c_gid_t),
+            ('st_rdev', c_dev_t),
+            ('__pad2_1', ctypes.c_ulong),
+            ('__pad2_2', ctypes.c_ulong),
+            ('st_size', c_off_t),
+            ('__pad3', ctypes.c_ulong),
+            ('st_atimespec', c_timespec),
+            ('__pad4', ctypes.c_ulong),
+            ('st_mtimespec', c_timespec),
+            ('__pad5', ctypes.c_ulong),
+            ('st_ctimespec', c_timespec),
+            ('__pad6', ctypes.c_ulong),
+            ('st_blksize', ctypes.c_long),
+            ('st_blocks', ctypes.c_long),
+            ('__pad7_1', ctypes.c_ulong),
+            ('__pad7_2', ctypes.c_ulong),
+            ('__pad7_3', ctypes.c_ulong),
+            ('__pad7_4', ctypes.c_ulong),
+            ('__pad7_5', ctypes.c_ulong),
+            ('__pad7_6', ctypes.c_ulong),
+            ('__pad7_7', ctypes.c_ulong),
+            ('__pad7_8', ctypes.c_ulong),
+            ('__pad7_9', ctypes.c_ulong),
+            ('__pad7_10', ctypes.c_ulong),
+            ('__pad7_11', ctypes.c_ulong),
+            ('__pad7_12', ctypes.c_ulong),
+            ('__pad7_13', ctypes.c_ulong),
+            ('__pad7_14', ctypes.c_ulong)]
+    elif _machine == 'ppc':
+        c_stat._fields_ = [
+            ('st_dev', c_dev_t),
+            ('st_ino', ctypes.c_ulonglong),
+            ('st_mode', c_mode_t),
+            ('st_nlink', ctypes.c_uint),
+            ('st_uid', c_uid_t),
+            ('st_gid', c_gid_t),
+            ('st_rdev', c_dev_t),
+            ('__pad2', ctypes.c_ushort),
+            ('st_size', c_off_t),
+            ('st_blksize', ctypes.c_long),
+            ('st_blocks', ctypes.c_longlong),
+            ('st_atimespec', c_timespec),
+            ('st_mtimespec', c_timespec),
+            ('st_ctimespec', c_timespec)]
+    else:
+        # i686, use as fallback for everything else
+        c_stat._fields_ = [
+            ('st_dev', c_dev_t),
+            ('__pad1', ctypes.c_ushort),
+            ('__st_ino', ctypes.c_ulong),
+            ('st_mode', c_mode_t),
+            ('st_nlink', ctypes.c_uint),
+            ('st_uid', c_uid_t),
+            ('st_gid', c_gid_t),
+            ('st_rdev', c_dev_t),
+            ('__pad2', ctypes.c_ushort),
+            ('st_size', c_off_t),
+            ('st_blksize', ctypes.c_long),
+            ('st_blocks', ctypes.c_longlong),
+            ('st_atimespec', c_timespec),
+            ('st_mtimespec', c_timespec),
+            ('st_ctimespec', c_timespec),
+            ('st_ino', ctypes.c_ulonglong)]
+else:
+    raise NotImplementedError('%s is not supported.' % _system)
+
+class c_statvfs(ctypes.Structure):
+    _fields_ = [
+        ('f_bsize', ctypes.c_ulong),
+        ('f_frsize', ctypes.c_ulong),
+        ('f_blocks', c_fsblkcnt_t),
+        ('f_bfree', c_fsblkcnt_t),
+        ('f_bavail', c_fsblkcnt_t),
+        ('f_files', c_fsfilcnt_t),
+        ('f_ffree', c_fsfilcnt_t),
+        ('f_favail', c_fsfilcnt_t)]
+
+class fuse_file_info(ctypes.Structure):
+    _fields_ = [
+        ('flags', ctypes.c_int),
+        ('fh_old', ctypes.c_ulong),
+        ('writepage', ctypes.c_int),
+        ('direct_io', ctypes.c_uint, 1),
+        ('keep_cache', ctypes.c_uint, 1),
+        ('flush', ctypes.c_uint, 1),
+        ('nonseekable', ctypes.c_uint, 1),
+        ('flock_release', ctypes.c_uint, 1),
+        ('padding', ctypes.c_uint, 27),
+        ('fh', ctypes.c_uint64),
+        ('lock_owner', ctypes.c_uint64)]
+
+class fuse_ctx(ctypes.Structure):
+    _fields_ = [
+        ('uid', c_uid_t),
+        ('gid', c_gid_t),
+        ('pid', c_pid_t),
+    ]
+
+class fuse_forget_data(ctypes.Structure):
+    _fields_ = [
+        ('ino', ctypes.c_uint64),  # fuse_ino_t on libfuse3
+        ('nlookup', ctypes.c_uint64),
+    ]
+
+fuse_ino_t = ctypes.c_ulong
+fuse_req_t = ctypes.c_void_p
+c_stat_p = ctypes.POINTER(c_stat)
+c_bytes_p = ctypes.POINTER(ctypes.c_byte)
+fuse_file_info_p = ctypes.POINTER(fuse_file_info)
+fuse_forget_data_p = ctypes.POINTER(fuse_forget_data)
+
+FUSE_SET_ATTR = ('st_mode', 'st_uid', 'st_gid', 'st_size', 'st_atime', 'st_mtime')
+
+class fuse_entry_param(ctypes.Structure):
+    _fields_ = [
+        ('ino', fuse_ino_t),
+        ('generation', ctypes.c_ulong),
+        ('attr', c_stat),
+        ('attr_timeout', ctypes.c_double),
+        ('entry_timeout', ctypes.c_double),
+    ]
+
+class fuse_lowlevel_ops(ctypes.Structure):
+    _fields_ = [
+        ('init', ctypes.CFUNCTYPE(None, ctypes.c_void_p, ctypes.c_void_p)),
+        ('destroy', ctypes.CFUNCTYPE(None, ctypes.c_void_p)),
+
+        ('lookup', ctypes.CFUNCTYPE(
+            None, fuse_req_t, fuse_ino_t, ctypes.c_char_p)),
+
+        ('forget', ctypes.CFUNCTYPE(
+            None, fuse_req_t, fuse_ino_t, ctypes.c_ulong)),  # nlookup is uint64_t in libfuse3
+
+        ('getattr', ctypes.CFUNCTYPE(
+            None, fuse_req_t, fuse_ino_t, fuse_file_info_p)),
+
+        ('setattr', ctypes.CFUNCTYPE(
+            None, fuse_req_t, fuse_ino_t, c_stat_p, ctypes.c_int,
+            fuse_file_info_p)),
+
+        ('readlink', ctypes.CFUNCTYPE(None, fuse_req_t, fuse_ino_t)),
+
+        ('mknod', ctypes.CFUNCTYPE(
+            None, fuse_req_t, fuse_ino_t, ctypes.c_char_p, c_mode_t,
+            c_dev_t)),
+
+        ('mkdir', ctypes.CFUNCTYPE(
+            None, fuse_req_t, fuse_ino_t, ctypes.c_char_p, c_mode_t)),
+
+        ('unlink', ctypes.CFUNCTYPE(
+            None, fuse_req_t, fuse_ino_t, ctypes.c_char_p)),
+
+        ('rmdir', ctypes.CFUNCTYPE(
+            None, fuse_req_t, fuse_ino_t, ctypes.c_char_p)),
+
+        ('symlink', ctypes.CFUNCTYPE(
+            None, fuse_req_t, ctypes.c_char_p, fuse_ino_t, ctypes.c_char_p)),
+
+        ('rename', ctypes.CFUNCTYPE(
+            None, fuse_req_t, fuse_ino_t, ctypes.c_char_p, fuse_ino_t,
+            ctypes.c_char_p)),  # There is an extra argument `unsigned int flags` in libfuse3
+
+        ('link', ctypes.CFUNCTYPE(
+            None, fuse_req_t, fuse_ino_t, fuse_ino_t, ctypes.c_char_p)),
+
+        ('open', ctypes.CFUNCTYPE(
+            None, fuse_req_t, fuse_ino_t, fuse_file_info_p)),
+
+        ('read', ctypes.CFUNCTYPE(
+            None, fuse_req_t, fuse_ino_t, ctypes.c_size_t, c_off_t,
+            fuse_file_info_p)),
+
+        ('write', ctypes.CFUNCTYPE(
+            None, fuse_req_t, fuse_ino_t, c_bytes_p, ctypes.c_size_t,
+            c_off_t, fuse_file_info_p)),
+
+        ('flush', ctypes.CFUNCTYPE(
+            None, fuse_req_t, fuse_ino_t, fuse_file_info_p)),
+
+        ('release', ctypes.CFUNCTYPE(
+            None, fuse_req_t, fuse_ino_t, fuse_file_info_p)),
+
+        ('fsync', ctypes.CFUNCTYPE(
+            None, fuse_req_t, fuse_ino_t, ctypes.c_int, fuse_file_info_p)),
+
+        ('opendir', ctypes.CFUNCTYPE(
+            None, fuse_req_t, fuse_ino_t, fuse_file_info_p)),
+
+        ('readdir', ctypes.CFUNCTYPE(
+            None, fuse_req_t, fuse_ino_t, ctypes.c_size_t, c_off_t,
+            fuse_file_info_p)),
+
+        ('releasedir', ctypes.CFUNCTYPE(
+            None, fuse_req_t, fuse_ino_t, fuse_file_info_p)),
+
+        ('fsyncdir', ctypes.CFUNCTYPE(
+            None, fuse_req_t, fuse_ino_t, ctypes.c_int, fuse_file_info_p)),
+
+        ('statfs', ctypes.CFUNCTYPE(
+            None, fuse_req_t, fuse_ino_t)),
+
+        ('setxattr', ctypes.CFUNCTYPE(
+            None, fuse_req_t, fuse_ino_t, ctypes.c_char_p, c_bytes_p, ctypes.c_size_t, ctypes.c_int)),
+
+        ('getxattr', ctypes.CFUNCTYPE(
+            None, fuse_req_t, fuse_ino_t, ctypes.c_char_p, ctypes.c_size_t)),
+
+        ('listxattr', ctypes.CFUNCTYPE(
+            None, fuse_req_t, fuse_ino_t, ctypes.c_size_t)),
+
+        ('removexattr', ctypes.CFUNCTYPE(
+            None, fuse_req_t, fuse_ino_t, ctypes.c_char_p)),
+
+        ('access', ctypes.CFUNCTYPE(
+            None, fuse_req_t, fuse_ino_t, ctypes.c_int)),
+
+        ('create', ctypes.CFUNCTYPE(
+            None, fuse_req_t, fuse_ino_t, ctypes.c_char_p, c_mode_t, fuse_file_info_p)),
+
+        ('getlk', ctypes.CFUNCTYPE(
+            None, fuse_req_t, fuse_ino_t, fuse_file_info_p, ctypes.c_void_p)),
+
+        ('setlk', ctypes.CFUNCTYPE(
+            None, fuse_req_t, fuse_ino_t, fuse_file_info_p, ctypes.c_void_p, ctypes.c_int)),
+
+        ('bmap', ctypes.CFUNCTYPE(
+            None, fuse_req_t, fuse_ino_t, ctypes.c_size_t, ctypes.c_uint64)),
+
+        ('ioctl', ctypes.CFUNCTYPE(
+            None, fuse_req_t, fuse_ino_t, ctypes.c_int, ctypes.c_void_p, fuse_file_info_p, ctypes.c_uint, ctypes.c_void_p, ctypes.c_size_t, ctypes.c_size_t)),
+
+        ('poll', ctypes.CFUNCTYPE(
+            None, fuse_req_t, fuse_ino_t, fuse_file_info_p, ctypes.c_void_p)),
+
+        ('write_buf', ctypes.CFUNCTYPE(
+            None, fuse_req_t, fuse_ino_t, ctypes.c_void_p, c_off_t, fuse_file_info_p)),
+
+        ('retrieve_reply', ctypes.CFUNCTYPE(
+            None, fuse_req_t, ctypes.c_void_p, fuse_ino_t, c_off_t, ctypes.c_void_p)),
+
+        ('forget_multi', ctypes.CFUNCTYPE(
+            None, fuse_req_t, ctypes.c_size_t, fuse_forget_data_p)),
+
+        ('flock', ctypes.CFUNCTYPE(
+            None, fuse_req_t, fuse_ino_t, fuse_file_info_p, ctypes.c_int)),
+
+        ('fallocate', ctypes.CFUNCTYPE(
+            None, fuse_req_t, fuse_ino_t, ctypes.c_int, c_off_t, c_off_t, fuse_file_info_p)),
+
+        # readdirplus only exists in libfuse3
+        #('readdirplus', ctypes.CFUNCTYPE(
+            #None, fuse_req_t, fuse_ino_t, ctypes.c_size_t, c_off_t, fuse_file_info_p)),
+    ]
+
+
+def struct_to_dict(p):
+    try:
+        x = p.contents
+        return dict((key, getattr(x, key)) for key, type in x._fields_)
+    except ValueError:
+        return {}
+
+def stat_to_dict(p, use_ns=False):
+    try:
+        d = {}
+        x = p.contents
+        for key, type in x._fields_:
+            if key in ('st_atimespec', 'st_mtimespec', 'st_ctimespec'):
+                ts = getattr(x, key)
+                key = key[:-4]      # Lose the "spec"
+
+                if use_ns:
+                    d[key] = ts.tv_sec * 10 ** 9 + ts.tv_nsec
+                else:
+                    d[key] = ts.tv_sec + ts.tv_nsec / 1E9
+            else:
+                d[key] = getattr(x, key)
+        return d
+    except ValueError:
+        return {}
+
+def dict_to_stat(d, use_ns=False):
+    for key in ('st_atime', 'st_mtime', 'st_ctime'):
+        if key in d:
+            val = d[key]
+
+            if use_ns:
+                sec, ns = divmod(int(val), 10 ** 9)
+            else:
+                sec = int(val)
+                nsec = int((val - sec) * 1E9)
+
+            d[key + 'spec'] = c_timespec(sec, nsec)
+    return c_stat(**d)
+
+def setattr_mask_to_list(mask):
+    return [FUSE_SET_ATTR[i] for i in range(len(FUSE_SET_ATTR)) if mask & (1 << i)]
+
+
+# +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
+# CLASS: FUSELL
+# +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
+
+class FUSELL:
+    use_ns = False
+
+    def __init__(self, mountpoint, encoding='utf-8'):
+        if not self.use_ns:
+            warnings.warn(
+                'Time as floating point seconds for utimens is deprecated!\n'
+                'To enable time as nanoseconds set the property "use_ns" to '
+                'True in your FUSELL class or set your fusepy '
+                'requirements to <4.',
+                DeprecationWarning)
+
+        self.libfuse = LibFUSE()
+        self.encoding = encoding
+
+        fuse_ops = fuse_lowlevel_ops()
+
+        for name, prototype in fuse_lowlevel_ops._fields_:
+            method = getattr(self, 'fuse_' + name, None) or getattr(self, name, None)
+            if method:
+                setattr(fuse_ops, name, prototype(method))
+
+        args = ['fuse']
+        argv = fuse_args(len(args), (ctypes.c_char_p * len(args))(*[arg.encode(self.encoding) for arg in args]), 0)
+
+        # TODO: handle initialization errors
+
+        chan = self.libfuse.fuse_mount(mountpoint.encode(encoding), argv)
+        assert chan
+
+        session = self.libfuse.fuse_lowlevel_new(
+            argv, ctypes.byref(fuse_ops), ctypes.sizeof(fuse_ops), None)
+        assert session
+
+        try:
+            old_handler = signal(SIGINT, SIG_DFL)
+        except ValueError:
+            old_handler = SIG_DFL
+
+        err = self.libfuse.fuse_set_signal_handlers(session)
+        assert err == 0
+
+        self.libfuse.fuse_session_add_chan(session, chan)
+
+        err = self.libfuse.fuse_session_loop(session)
+        assert err == 0
+
+        err = self.libfuse.fuse_remove_signal_handlers(session)
+        assert err == 0
+
+        try:
+            signal(SIGINT, old_handler)
+        except ValueError:
+            pass
+
+        self.libfuse.fuse_session_remove_chan(chan)
+        self.libfuse.fuse_session_destroy(session)
+        self.libfuse.fuse_unmount(mountpoint.encode(encoding), chan)
+
+    def reply_err(self, req, err):
+        return self.libfuse.fuse_reply_err(req, err)
+
+    def reply_none(self, req):
+        self.libfuse.fuse_reply_none(req)
+
+    def reply_entry(self, req, entry):
+        entry['attr'] = c_stat(**entry['attr'])
+        e = fuse_entry_param(**entry)
+        self.libfuse.fuse_reply_entry(req, ctypes.byref(e))
+
+    def reply_create(self, req, *args):
+        pass    # XXX
+
+    def reply_attr(self, req, attr, attr_timeout):
+        st = dict_to_stat(attr, use_ns=self.use_ns)
+        return self.libfuse.fuse_reply_attr(
+            req, ctypes.byref(st), ctypes.c_double(attr_timeout))
+
+    def reply_readlink(self, req, link):
+        return self.libfuse.fuse_reply_readlink(
+            req, link.encode(self.encoding))
+
+    def reply_open(self, req, d):
+        fi = fuse_file_info(**d)
+        return self.libfuse.fuse_reply_open(req, ctypes.byref(fi))
+
+    def reply_write(self, req, count):
+        return self.libfuse.fuse_reply_write(req, count)
+
+    def reply_buf(self, req, buf):
+        return self.libfuse.fuse_reply_buf(req, buf, len(buf))
+
+    def reply_readdir(self, req, size, off, entries):
+        bufsize = 0
+        sized_entries = []
+        for name, attr in entries:
+            name = name.encode(self.encoding)
+            entsize = self.libfuse.fuse_add_direntry(req, None, 0, name, None, 0)
+            sized_entries.append((name, attr, entsize))
+            bufsize += entsize
+
+        next = 0
+        buf = ctypes.create_string_buffer(bufsize)
+        for name, attr, entsize in sized_entries:
+            entbuf = ctypes.cast(
+                ctypes.addressof(buf) + next, ctypes.c_char_p)
+            st = c_stat(**attr)
+            next += entsize
+            self.libfuse.fuse_add_direntry(
+                req, entbuf, entsize, name, ctypes.byref(st), next)
+
+        if off < bufsize:
+            buf = ctypes.cast(
+                ctypes.addressof(buf) + off, ctypes.c_char_p) if off else buf
+            return self.libfuse.fuse_reply_buf(req, buf, min(bufsize - off, size))
+        else:
+            return self.libfuse.fuse_reply_buf(req, None, 0)
+
+
+    # If you override the following methods you should reply directly
+    # with the self.libfuse.fuse_reply_* methods.
+
+    def fuse_lookup(self, req, parent, name):
+        self.lookup(req, parent, name.decode(self.encoding))
+
+    def fuse_getattr(self, req, ino, fi):
+        self.getattr(req, ino, struct_to_dict(fi))
+
+    def fuse_setattr(self, req, ino, attr, to_set, fi):
+        attr_dict = stat_to_dict(attr, use_ns=self.use_ns)
+        to_set_list = setattr_mask_to_list(to_set)
+        fi_dict = struct_to_dict(fi)
+        self.setattr(req, ino, attr_dict, to_set_list, fi_dict)
+
+    def fuse_mknod(self, req, parent, name, mode, rdev):
+        self.mknod(req, parent, name.decode(self.encoding), mode, rdev)
+
+    def fuse_mkdir(self, req, parent, name, mode):
+        self.mkdir(req, parent, name.decode(self.encoding), mode)
+
+    def fuse_unlink(self, req, parent, name):
+        self.unlink(req, parent, name.decode(self.encoding))
+
+    def fuse_rmdir(self, req, parent, name):
+        self.rmdir(req, parent, name.decode(self.encoding))
+
+    def fuse_symlink(self, req, link, parent, name):
+        self.symlink(req, link.decode(self.encoding), parent, name.decode(self.encoding))
+
+    def fuse_rename(self, req, parent, name, newparent, newname):
+        self.rename(req, parent, name.decode(self.encoding), newparent, newname.decode(self.encoding))
+
+    def fuse_link(self, req, ino, newparent, newname):
+        self.link(req, ino, newparent, newname.decode(self.encoding))
+
+    def fuse_open(self, req, ino, fi):
+        self.open(req, ino, struct_to_dict(fi))
+
+    def fuse_read(self, req, ino, size, off, fi):
+        self.read(req, ino, size, off, fi)
+
+    def fuse_write(self, req, ino, buf, size, off, fi):
+        buf_str = ctypes.string_at(buf, size)
+        fi_dict = struct_to_dict(fi)
+        self.write(req, ino, buf_str, off, fi_dict)
+
+    def fuse_flush(self, req, ino, fi):
+        self.flush(req, ino, struct_to_dict(fi))
+
+    def fuse_release(self, req, ino, fi):
+        self.release(req, ino, struct_to_dict(fi))
+
+    def fuse_fsync(self, req, ino, datasync, fi):
+        self.fsyncdir(req, ino, datasync, struct_to_dict(fi))
+
+    def fuse_opendir(self, req, ino, fi):
+        self.opendir(req, ino, struct_to_dict(fi))
+
+    def fuse_readdir(self, req, ino, size, off, fi):
+        self.readdir(req, ino, size, off, struct_to_dict(fi))
+
+    def fuse_releasedir(self, req, ino, fi):
+        self.releasedir(req, ino, struct_to_dict(fi))
+
+    def fuse_fsyncdir(self, req, ino, datasync, fi):
+        self.fsyncdir(req, ino, datasync, struct_to_dict(fi))
+
+    def fuse_setxattr(self, req, ino, name, value, size, flags):
+        self.setxattr(req, ino, name.decode(self.encoding), ctypes.string_at(value, size), flags)
+
+    def fuse_getxattr(self, req, ino, name, size):
+        self.getxattr(req, ino, name.decode(self.encoding), size)
+
+    def fuse_removexattr(self, req, ino, name):
+        self.removexattr(req, ino, name.decode(self.encoding))
+
+    def fuse_create(self, req, parent, name, mode, fi):
+        self.create(req, parent, name.decode(self.encoding), mode, struct_to_dict(fi))
+
+    # Utility methods
+
+    def req_ctx(self, req):
+        ctx = self.libfuse.fuse_req_ctx(req)
+        return struct_to_dict(ctx)
+
+
+    # Methods to be overridden in subclasses.
+    # Reply with the self.reply_* methods.
+
+    def init(self, userdata, conn):
+        """Initialize filesystem
+
+        There's no reply to this method
+        """
+        pass
+
+    def destroy(self, userdata):
+        """Clean up filesystem
+
+        There's no reply to this method
+        """
+        pass
+
+    def lookup(self, req, parent, name):
+        """Look up a directory entry by name and get its attributes.
+
+        Valid replies:
+            reply_entry
+            reply_err
+        """
+        self.reply_err(req, errno.ENOENT)
+
+    def forget(self, req, ino, nlookup):
+        """Forget about an inode
+
+        Valid replies:
+            reply_none
+        """
+        self.reply_none(req)
+
+    def getattr(self, req, ino, fi):
+        """Get file attributes
+
+        Valid replies:
+            reply_attr
+            reply_err
+        """
+        if ino == 1:
+            attr = {'st_ino': 1, 'st_mode': S_IFDIR | 0o755, 'st_nlink': 2}
+            self.reply_attr(req, attr, 1.0)
+        else:
+            self.reply_err(req, errno.ENOENT)
+
+    def setattr(self, req, ino, attr, to_set, fi):
+        """Set file attributes
+
+        Valid replies:
+            reply_attr
+            reply_err
+        """
+        self.reply_err(req, errno.EROFS)
+
+    def readlink(self, req, ino):
+        """Read symbolic link
+
+        Valid replies:
+            reply_readlink
+            reply_err
+        """
+        self.reply_err(req, errno.ENOENT)
+
+    def mknod(self, req, parent, name, mode, rdev):
+        """Create file node
+
+        Valid replies:
+            reply_entry
+            reply_err
+        """
+        self.reply_err(req, errno.EROFS)
+
+    def mkdir(self, req, parent, name, mode):
+        """Create a directory
+
+        Valid replies:
+            reply_entry
+            reply_err
+        """
+        self.reply_err(req, errno.EROFS)
+
+    def unlink(self, req, parent, name):
+        """Remove a file
+
+        Valid replies:
+            reply_err
+        """
+        self.reply_err(req, errno.EROFS)
+
+    def rmdir(self, req, parent, name):
+        """Remove a directory
+
+        Valid replies:
+            reply_err
+        """
+        self.reply_err(req, errno.EROFS)
+
+    def symlink(self, req, link, parent, name):
+        """Create a symbolic link
+
+        Valid replies:
+            reply_entry
+            reply_err
+        """
+        self.reply_err(req, errno.EROFS)
+
+    def rename(self, req, parent, name, newparent, newname):
+        """Rename a file
+
+        Valid replies:
+            reply_err
+        """
+        self.reply_err(req, errno.EROFS)
+
+    def link(self, req, ino, newparent, newname):
+        """Create a hard link
+
+        Valid replies:
+            reply_entry
+            reply_err
+        """
+        self.reply_err(req, errno.EROFS)
+
+    def open(self, req, ino, fi):
+        """Open a file
+
+        Valid replies:
+            reply_open
+            reply_err
+        """
+        self.reply_open(req, fi)
+
+    def read(self, req, ino, size, off, fi):
+        """Read data
+
+        Valid replies:
+            reply_buf
+            reply_err
+        """
+        self.reply_err(req, errno.EIO)
+
+    def write(self, req, ino, buf, off, fi):
+        """Write data
+
+        Valid replies:
+            reply_write
+            reply_err
+        """
+        self.reply_err(req, errno.EROFS)
+
+    def flush(self, req, ino, fi):
+        """Flush method
+
+        Valid replies:
+            reply_err
+        """
+        self.reply_err(req, 0)
+
+    def release(self, req, ino, fi):
+        """Release an open file
+
+        Valid replies:
+            reply_err
+        """
+        self.reply_err(req, 0)
+
+    def fsync(self, req, ino, datasync, fi):
+        """Synchronize file contents
+
+        Valid replies:
+            reply_err
+        """
+        self.reply_err(req, 0)
+
+    def opendir(self, req, ino, fi):
+        """Open a directory
+
+        Valid replies:
+            reply_open
+            reply_err
+        """
+        self.reply_open(req, fi)
+
+    def readdir(self, req, ino, size, off, fi):
+        """Read directory
+
+        Valid replies:
+            reply_readdir
+            reply_err
+        """
+        if ino == 1:
+            attr = {'st_ino': 1, 'st_mode': S_IFDIR}
+            entries = [('.', attr), ('..', attr)]
+            self.reply_readdir(req, size, off, entries)
+        else:
+            self.reply_err(req, errno.ENOENT)
+
+    def releasedir(self, req, ino, fi):
+        """Release an open directory
+
+        Valid replies:
+            reply_err
+        """
+        self.reply_err(req, 0)
+
+    def fsyncdir(self, req, ino, datasync, fi):
+        """Synchronize directory contents
+
+        Valid replies:
+            reply_err
+        """
+        self.reply_err(req, 0)
+
+    def statfs(self, req, ino):
+        """ Get file system statistics
+
+        Valid replies:
+            reply_statfs
+	        reply_err
+        """
+        self.reply_err(req, errno.ENOSYS)
+
+    def setxattr(self, req, ino, name, value, flags):
+        """ Set an extended attribute
+
+        Valid replies:
+	        reply_err
+        """
+        self.reply_err(req, errno.ENOSYS)
+
+    def getxattr(self, req, ino, name, size):
+        """ Set an extended attribute
+
+        Valid replies:
+	        reply_buf
+	        reply_data
+	        reply_xattr
+	        reply_err
+        """
+        self.reply_err(req, errno.ENOSYS)
+
+    def listxattr(self, req, ino, size):
+        """List extended attribute names
+
+        Valid replies:
+	        reply_buf
+	        reply_data
+	        reply_xattr
+	        reply_err
+        """
+        self.reply_err(req, errno.ENOSYS)
+
+    def removexattr(self, req, ino, name):
+        """Remove an extended attribute
+
+        Valid replies:
+	        reply_err
+        """
+        self.reply_err(req, errno.ENOSYS)
+
+    def access(self, req, ino, mask):
+        """Check file access permissions
+
+        Valid replies:
+	        reply_err
+        """
+        self.reply_err(req, errno.ENOSYS)
+
+    def create(self, req, parent, name, mode, fi):
+        """Create and open a file
+
+        Valid replies:
+            reply_create
+	        reply_err
+        """
+        self.reply_err(req, errno.ENOSYS)